(PTOJ) - The cultural value system is one of the core and fundamental value systems in Vietnam and is part of the foundation to ensure the country's sustainable development. This article analyzes the building of a Vietnamese cultural value system in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which has a significant impact all aspects of social life, including the cultural sector.

Tóm tắt: Hệ giá trị văn hóa ỉà một trong những hệ giá trị cốt lõi, cơ bản và là nền tảng bảo đảm sự phát triển bền vững đất nước. Bài viết phân tích về việc xây dựng hệ giá trị văn hóa Việt Nam trong bối cảnh Cách mạng công nghiệp lần thứ tư đang tác động mạnh mẽ đến mọi mặt của đời sống xã hội, trong đó có lĩnh vực văn hóa.

Thông qua kết quả phỏng vấn 300 sinh viên Trường Kinh tế, Luật, Trường Đại học Trà Vinh, nghiên cứu phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc ứng dụng Chat GPT trong học tập của sinh viên khối ngành Kinh tế, Luật. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, có 4 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc ứng dụng Chat GPT vào học tập của sinh viên, gồm: Kỳ vọng khả năng thực hiện; Ảnh hưởng xã hội; Tính chính (...) xác; Thái độ của sinh viên. Trong đó, yếu tố Thái độ kỳ vọng khả năng thực hiện của sinh viên có tác động mạnh nhất. (shrink)

The research focuses on how the Nguyen dynasty it became the first to have the largest territory in the history of Vietnam in its nearly 60 years of establishing and reigning over the unified country in the first half of the 19th century. It is seen that in terms of organizing the state apparatus, Gia Long and Minh Mang retained the system of agencies of the previous dynasties and continued reforms to ensure socio-political stability in their governance at that time. (...) The study also clarifies the social role of Confucianism in the Nguyen dynasty, i.e. in the first half of the 19th century, which, in our opinion, is theoretically and practically significant, with the hope of further unraveling the role of Confucianism in that period. (shrink)

Luật số 70/2014/QH13 sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt (TTĐB) đã quy định lộ trình tăng thuế suất thuế TTĐB đối với thuốc lá từ ngày 01/01/2016 tăng từ 65% lên 70%; từ ngày 01/01/2019 tăng từ 70% lên 75%. Tuy nhiên, mức thuế suất 75% vẫn chưa thực sự phù hợp do chưa có tác động đủ mạnh để làm giảm lượng tiêu thụ thuốc lá. Vì vậy, trong thời gian tới, (...) Việt Nam cần điều chỉnh thuế suất thuế TTĐB đối với thuốc lá phù hợp với thông lệ quốc tế tốt và để đạt được mục tiêu giảm lượng người hút thuốc lá. Bằng cách sử dụng mô hình đo lường độ co giãn của cầu thuốc lá theo giá thuốc lá, từ đó làm căn cứ tính toán tác động đến nguồn thu ngân sách nhà nước (NSNN), kết hợp với các phân tích định tính, bài viết này đưa ra một số phương án điều chỉnh thuế suất thuế TTĐB đối với thuốc lá; đồng thời đánh giá tác động đến thu NSNN của Việt Nam giai đoạn 2026-2030. (shrink)

Mục đích nghiên cứu Tìm hiểu thực trạng sản phẩm lưu niệm phục vụ du lịch tại một số tuyến điểm du lịch trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng. Hệ thống lại các mặt hàng sản phẩm lưu niệm của Hải Phòng. Bước đầu đề ra những định hướng, giải pháp cho phát triển sản phẩm lưu niệm của thành phố.

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: - Hệ thống hóa và xây dựng khung lý thuyết cơ bản về thị trường nợ xấu và các nhân tố tác động đến thị trường nợ xấu. - Xác định và đánh giá tác động của các nhân tố đến thị trường nợ xấu tại Việt Nam. - Đề xuất những giải pháp, khuyến nghị nhằm gia tăng quyết định mua bán trên thị trường và thúc đẩy thị trường nợ xấu Việt Nam phát triển (...) theo cơ chế thị trường. (shrink)

To achieve herd immunity against Covid-19, the willingness of residents to get vaccinated and successful vaccination policies go hand in hand. This paper aims to understand the perceptions, acceptance, hesitation, and refusal of Covid-19 vaccines in Nghe An, Vietnam. We used an online survey to collect data during March of 2021. The Bayesian regression model (BRM) was used to identify the factors affecting vaccination decisions. The empirical results show that respondents’ livelihoods were considerably affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and there (...) was a subtle difference in Covid-19 impacts on the lives of urban residents and their rural counterparts. In addition, respondents reported an overall positive attitude towards Covid-19 vaccination in which 84.28% were willing to get vaccinated, 14.85% were hesitant, and 0.87% refused vaccination. Their vaccination decisions were associated with vaccine side effects, information, income, job type, gender, and trust in government. Our findings offer policy implications for devising strategies for vaccine distribution in the study area and beyond. (shrink)

Since 2013, Vietnam has implemented a plan to reform the whole education sector. However, there is little understanding on the status of educational research in Vietnam, which may lay the foundation for such plan. Thus, this research aims to analyze the whole picture of educational research from Vietnam, as seen from the Clarivate Web of Science (WOS) database: 215 publications were recorded, ranging from 1991 to 2018. These 215 publications were further analyzed from five perspectives: 1) number of publications by (...) year; 2) research fields and levels of education; 3) top institutions with the highest number of publications; 4) international collaboration; and 5) quality. Some of the most notable results are: 1) the educational sciences in Vietnam have been still under-developed until recently; 2) among different research topics research among educational sciences, some (e.g., Vocational Education and Training or Early Childhood Education) seemed to be overlooked whereas others (e.g., Higher Education and Teaching and Learning) seemed to receive more attention from educational scholars; 3) all the most major education – specialized universities did not appear among the top five institutions with highest number of publications; 4) Australia, Thailand, the USA, New Zealand and China were the countries with the highest number of co-publications with Vietnamese researchers; and 5) The majority of publications belonged to low-ranked journals. Implications would be withdrawn for Vietnamese policymakers, education leaders, educational researchers and teachers in order to adjust their policies and/or action plans; thus, enhancing the performance and impacts of educational research in the future. (shrink)

In this paper, I compare the methodology of the Austrian school to two alternative methodologies from the economic mainstream: the ‘orthodox’ and revealed preference methodologies. I argue that Austrian school theorists should stop describing themselves as ‘extreme apriorists’ (or writing suggestively to that effect), and should start giving greater acknowledgement to the importance of empirical work within their research program. The motivation for this dialectical shift is threefold: the approach is more faithful to their actual practices, it better illustrates the (...) underlying similarities between the mainstream and Austrian research paradigms, and it provides a philosophical foundation that is much more plausible in itself. (shrink)

Hiện nay, quản trị nhân lực xanh đang là xu thế tất yếu đối với sự phát triển bền vững của các doanh nghiệp. Bởi, quản trị nguồn nhân lực xanh có thể đạt được việc sử dụng bền vững các nguồn lực của tổ chức thông qua các hoạt động quản lý nguồn nhân lực, từ đó thúc đẩy sự phát triển bền vững của tổ chức (Al Mamun, M. A, 2019). Bài viết hệ thống hóa cơ sở lý (...) luận về quản trị nhân lực xanh, phân tích các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến quản trị nhân lực xanh và đề xuất một số giải pháp thực hành quản trị nhân lực xanh trong các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. -/- [Currently, green human resource management is an inevitable trend for the sustainable development of businesses. Green human resource management can achieve sustainable use of organizational resources through human resource management activities, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the organization (Al Mamun, M. A, 2019). This article systematizes the theoretical basis of green human resource management, analyses factors affecting green human resource management and proposes some practical solutions for green human resource management in Vietnamese enterprises]. (shrink)

Relationships with international students can be beneficial to higher education in terms of financial and human resources. For this reason, establishing and maintaining such relationships are usually pre-eminent concerns. In this study, we extended the application of the disconfirmation expectation model by incorporating components from subjective task value to predict the loyalty of international students toward their host countries. On a sample of 410 Vietnamese students enrolled in establishments of higher education in over 15 countries across the globe, we employed (...) structural equation model to construct the conceptual model. Our empirical findings revealed that while the roles of satisfaction and disconfirmation are still important as direct and indirect antecedents of international student loyalty, its most powerful predictors are the three components of subjective task value: attainment, utility and intrinsic. These insights result in a number of implications for actors on the higher ducation scene, such as heads of institutions and policy makers. (shrink)

Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc xác định và đo lường các yếu tố hạn chế sự tham gia của sinh viên vào thương mại điện tử (TMĐT) tại TP. Hồ Chí Minh. Sử dụng lý thuyết hành vi dự định, lý thuyết rủi ro nhận thức và lý thuyết năng lực cá nhân, nghiên cứu đã xây dựng mô hình bao gồm các biến: Năng lực cá nhân, Nhận thức sự sở hữu từ TMĐT, Giao hàng chặng cuối, (...) Rủi ro về kỹ thuật và công nghệ, Rủi ro về sản phẩm và Bảo mật thông tin. Kết quả cho thấy, các yếu tố này có tác động đáng kể đến quyết định tham gia TMĐT của sinh viên, từ đó đề xuất các giải pháp nhằm thúc đẩy sự phát triển TMĐT trong nhóm đối tượng này. (shrink)

Drawing on upper echelon theory, this study investigates the impact of CEOs’ (chief executive officers) demographic characteristics on corporate environmental performance (CEP) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We hypothesized that CEO characteristics, including gender, age, basic educational level, professional educational level, political connection, and ethnicity, affect SMEs’ environmental performance. Using the cross-sectional data analysis of 810 Vietnamese SMEs, this study provides evidence that female CEOs and CEOs’ educational level (both basic and professional) are positively related to the probability of (...) CEP. We also find that based on the role of institutional environment on CEP, political connections had a negative effect on CEP in the context of Vietnam. Another finding is that SMEs with chief executives from ethnic minority groups show a higher level of the probability of corporate environmental performance than companies operated by Kinh chief executives. Since CEP is an essential dimension of corporate social responsibility, a strategic decision for SMEs, it is crucial for the company to select appropriate CEOs based on their demographic characteristics. (shrink)

Psychometrics firms such as Cambridge Analytica (CA) and troll factories such as the Internet Research Agency (IRA) have had a significant effect on democratic politics, through narrow targeting of political advertising (CA) and concerted disinformation campaigns on social media (IRA) (U.S. Department of Justice 2019; Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate 2019; DiResta et al. 2019). It is natural to think that such activities manipulate individuals and, hence, are wrong. Yet, as some recent cases illustrate, the moral concerns with (...) these activities cannot be reduced simply to the effects they have on individuals. Rather, we will argue, the wrongness of these activities relates to the threats they present to the legitimacy of political orders. This occurs primarily through a mechanism we call “emergent manipulation,” rather than through the sort of manipulation that involves specific individuals. (shrink)

Entrepreneurship plays an indispensable role in the economic development and poverty reduction of emerging economies like Vietnam. The rapid development of technologies during the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) has a significant impact on business in every field, especially in the innovation-focused area of entrepreneurship. However, the topic of entrepreneurial activities with technology applications in Vietnam is under-researched. In addition, the body of literature regarding entrepreneurial finance tends to focus on advanced economies, while mostly neglecting the contextual differences in developing (...) nations. Therefore, this research contributes to these topics by investigating the main characteristics of a high potential market for entrepreneurs in Vietnam, which is the English language training market (ELTM). It also aims at indicating the impacts of technology on the entrepreneurial firms within this market, with an emphasis on financing sources. To answer the research questions, this study employs a qualitative analysis and conducts 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and researchers in the field. The key findings in our study highlight the main contributing factors to the growth of the market, both universally and context-specific for a developing nation like Vietnam. It also lists the leaders in each market segment and the industry’s potential profit margin. The results also show that most entrepreneurs in the ELTM utilized private sources of finance rather than external ones, such as bank loans. It again confirms the idea from previous works that even with the rapid development of the economic and technological landscape, entrepreneurial activities in general barely benefit from additional sources of funding. However, it also points out the distinct characteristics of the ELTM that may influence these financing issues; for example, English training services usually collect revenues from customers before delivering their classes. This is of advantage for entrepreneurs in this area and helps significantly reduce the financial barriers. These findings, which are among the first attempts to contribute to a better understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities in the Industry 4.0 in Vietnam, provide valuable insights for policymakers and entrepreneurs, as well as investors. (shrink)

When agents insert technological systems into their decision-making processes, they can obscure moral responsibility for the results. This can give rise to a distinct moral wrong, which we call “agency laundering.” At root, agency laundering involves obfuscating one’s moral responsibility by enlisting a technology or process to take some action and letting it forestall others from demanding an account for bad outcomes that result. We argue that the concept of agency laundering helps in understanding important moral problems in a number (...) of recent cases involving automated, or algorithmic, decision-systems. We apply our conception of agency laundering to a series of examples, including Facebook’s automated advertising suggestions, Uber’s driver interfaces, algorithmic evaluation of K-12 teachers, and risk assessment in criminal sentencing. We distinguish agency laundering from several other critiques of information technology, including the so-called “responsibility gap,” “bias laundering,” and masking. (shrink)

Vietnam continuously liberalizes the financial market as a requirement for its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2007. This paper discusses the foreign investors’ expectation and their experience when penetrating into Vietnam’s market. The role of the foreign entrants is also assessed. By synthesizing and analyzing relevant research and reports, several important insights are discovered. Firstly, the presence of foreign investors and banks improves market competition, efficiency, and stability. Wholly and partly foreign-owned banks provide the spillover effects in management (...) quality, in the introduction of world standard banking products and services, and in the application of information technology. Secondly, by looking into the foreign owned banks, it is found that the banks’ foreign investors are not likely to play an influential role in managing the banks they invested in. The motive of the investors to control the invested companies leads to their decision of holdings withdrawing. (shrink)

Dựa trên 285 người trả lời đến từ các tỉnh, thành phố, ngành nghề và độ tuổi khác nhau, kết quả cho thấy, trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp (CSR) được truyền thông trên mạng xã hội thông qua các hoạt động: Trách nhiệm từ thiện; Trách nhiệm đạo đức; Trách nhiệm môi trường; Trách nhiệm kinh tế có tác động đáng kể và tích cực đến Sự ngưỡng mộ thương hiệu (BA), Sự ưa thích thương hiệu (BP), Niềm (...) tin thương hiệu (BRT) và qua đó tác động tích cực đến Ý định mua hàng (PI). Nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy, Ý định mua hàng của người tiêu dùng bị ảnh hưởng khá lớn bởi Niềm tin thương hiệu và Sự ngưỡng mộ thương hiệu, Sự yêu thích thương hiệu. (shrink)

As a generation of ‘digital natives,’ secondary students who were born from 2002 to 2010 have various approaches to acquiring digital knowledge. Digital literacy and resilience are crucial for them to navigate the digital world as much as the real world; however, these remain under-researched subjects, especially in developing countries. In Vietnam, the education system has put considerable effort into teaching students these skills to promote quality education as part of the United Nations-defined Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4). This issue (...) has proven especially salient amid the COVID−19 pandemic lockdowns, which had obliged most schools to switch to online forms of teaching. This study, which utilizes a dataset of 1061 Vietnamese students taken from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s “Digital Kids Asia Pacific (DKAP)” project, employs Bayesian statistics to explore the relationship between the students’ background and their digital abilities. Results show that economic status and parents’ level of education are positively correlated with digital literacy. Students from urban schools have only a slightly higher level of digital literacy than their rural counterparts, suggesting that school location may not be a defining explanatory element in the variation of digital literacy and resilience among Vietnamese students. Students’ digital literacy and, especially resilience, also have associations with their gender. Moreover, as students are digitally literate, they are more likely to be digitally resilient. Following SDG4, i.e., Quality Education, it is advisable for schools, and especially parents, to seriously invest in creating a safe, educational environment to enhance digital literacy among students. (shrink)

In today’s global higher education environment, international students represent not only an important source of external income for universities: the degree of cross-border student mobility also reflects the internationalization of higher education sector. Universities have engaged in efforts to sell themselves to prospective students and promotional videos are among the most widely used marketing tools for this purpose. This study reports the results of a study analyzing the content of 140 higher education promotional videos from 14 countries available on YouTube. (...) The results reveal that while the pattern of use of YouTube for two-waycommunication with viewers, information contents and appeal messages among sampled universities is fairly homogenous, some marked differences emerge when cultural background and global position ranking of the university are taken into account. The implications of these findings are that, although, transnational higher education has been profoundly globalized, culture still plays a significant role in marketing practice for the recruitment of mobile students. In addition, different universities have various student-targeted segments. These findings provide the basis of a series of recommendations for universities looking to optimize their use of YouTube and promotional video design to market to international students. (shrink)

Thông qua khảo sát 500 người đã từng sử dụng dịch vụ của Công ty Liên doanh vận chuyển quốc tế Hải Vân (sau đây gọi tắt là Công ty Hải Vân), nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích đo lường các yếu tố thuộc Giá trị thương hiệu ảnh hưởng đến Quyết định mua của khách hàng tại Công ty Hải Vân. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, 4 yếu tố thuộc Giá trị thương hiệu có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến (...) Quyết định mua gồm: Nhận biết thương hiệu, Liên tưởng thương hiệu, Chất lượng cảm nhận, Trung thành thương hiệu. Đặc biệt, Trách nhiệm xã hội điều tiết mối quan hệ lần lượt giữa Liên tưởng thương hiệu, Chất lượng cảm nhận, Trung thành thương hiệu và Quyết định mua hàng của khách hàng. (shrink)

Bài viết này nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự hài lòng trong công việc của người lao động trong ngành xây dựng và kinh doanh bất động sản. Phân tích thực nghiệm sử dụng bộ dữ liệu khảo sát sơ cấp gồm 200 nhân viên làm việc tại tỉnh Khánh Hòa, địa phương thuộc khu vực Nam Trung Bộ Việt Nam với tốc độ phát triển nhanh chóng. Để xác định và trích xuất các yếu tố phù (...) hợp, nghiên cứu áp dụng kỹ thuật kiểm định độ tin cậy Cronbach’s Alpha, phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA), phân tích hồi quy. Kết quả cho thấy, Đào tạo và phát triển, Văn hóa và thương hiệu tổ chức, Đặc điểm công việc và Điều kiện làm việc là những yếu tố tác động tích cực đến Sự hài lòng trong công việc của người lao động. Theo đó, một số khuyến nghị được đưa ra nhằm hoàn thiện hoạt động quản trị nguồn nhân lực và gia tăng sự hài lòng trong công việc của người lao động. (shrink)

Bằng cách áp dụng mô hình phân tích đường bao dữ liệu (DEA) 3 giai đoạn, gồm: Tổ chức vốn; Phân bổ vốn; Sinh lợi, để đánh giá hiệu quả của 30 ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2019-2021, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, tất cả các ngân hàng đều thể hiện sự kém hiệu quả trong giai đoạn này, nhưng các NHTM nhà nước (SOBs) hoạt động kém hiệu quả hơn các NHTM cổ phần (...) (JCBs). Tuy cả hai loại ngân hàng này đều hoạt động tốt về mặt Phân bổ vốn, nhưng kém hơn về Tổ chức vốn và Sinh lợi. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, nhóm tác giả đưa ra một số khuyến nghị, nhằm góp phần nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của các ngân hàng. (shrink)

Bài nghiên cứu kiểm tra hiệu ứng bất cân xứng của đòn bẩy tài chính trên thị trường tài chính cận biên của Việt Nam. Thông qua việc áp dụng mô hình kinh tế lượng EGARCH và TARCH, bài nghiên cứu đã xác nhận sự tồn tại của hiệu ứng bất cân xứng của tin tức đến mức độ rủi ro trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam. Cụ thể, tin tức tiêu cực có tác động mạnh hơn so với (...) tin tức tích cực đến sự biến động của giá tài sản trong tương lai. Ngoài ra, mô hình TARCH có sự phù hợp hơn so với mô hình EGARCH dựa trên sự kiểm tra chỉ tiêu tiêu chuẩn thông tin Akaike (AIC) và tiêu chuẩn thông tin Bayesian (BIC). (shrink)

Bài viết nghiên cứu các nhân tố tác động đến quyết định chọn chương trình đào tạo liên kết tại Trường đại học Tài chính – Marketing (UFM). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thất, có 5 nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến Quyết định chọn chương trình đào tạo liên kết tại UFM, gồm: Học phí; Danh tiếng của trường đối tác quốc tế; Kỳ vọng về nghề nghiệp; Cơ sở vật chất và Chương trình đào tạo. Những nhân tố này (...) không chỉ đóng vai trò then chốt trong việc thu hút sinh viên mà còn góp phần quan trọng trong việc nâng cao uy tín và giá trị của các chương trình liên kết quốc tế tại UFM. (shrink)

Thị trường LPG tại Việt Nam trong những năm qua đạt một số kết nhất định. Tuy nhiên, hơn 60% LPG hiện phải nhập khẩu từ thị trường quốc tế phục vụ cho nhu cầu trong nước, hệ thống kho chứa của Việt Nam nhỏ chưa đáp ứng nhu cầu dự trữ LPG, số lượng tàu vận chuyển LPG của các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam ít với công suất nhỏ và cạnh tranh lớn với các hãng tàu biển quốc tế. (...) Trên cơ sở phân tích thực trạng LPG tại Việt Nam trong thời gian qua, bài viết chỉ ra những khó khăn, thách thức để từ đó đề xuất kiến nghị nhằm thúc đẩy thị trường LPG phát triển trong thời gian tới. (shrink)

The traditional soft set is a mapping from a parameter set to family of all crisp subsets of a universe. Molodtsov introduced the soft set as a generalized tool for modelling complex systems involving uncertain or not clearly defined objects. In this paper, the notion of neutrosophic soft set is reanalysed. The novel theory is a combination of neutrosophic set theory and soft set theory. The complement, “and”, “or”, intersection and union operations are defined on the neutrosophic soft sets. The (...) neutrosophic soft relations accompanied with their compositions are also defined. The basic properties of the neutrosophic soft sets, neutrosophic soft relations and neutrosophic soft compositions are also discussed. (shrink)

Algorithmic systems and predictive analytics play an increasingly important role in various aspects of modern life. Scholarship on the moral ramifications of such systems is in its early stages, and much of it focuses on bias and harm. This paper argues that in understanding the moral salience of algorithmic systems it is essential to understand the relation between algorithms, autonomy, and agency. We draw on several recent cases in criminal sentencing and K–12 teacher evaluation to outline four key ways in (...) which issues of agency, autonomy, and respect for persons can conflict with algorithmic decision-making. Three of these involve failures to treat individual agents with the respect they deserve. The fourth involves distancing oneself from a morally suspect action by attributing one’s decision to take that action to an algorithm, thereby laundering one’s agency. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: So far in this book, we have examined algorithmic decision systems from three autonomy-based perspectives: in terms of what we owe autonomous agents (chapters 3 and 4), in terms of the conditions required for people to act autonomously (chapters 5 and 6), and in terms of the responsibilities of agents (chapter 7). -/- In this chapter we turn to the ways in which autonomy underwrites democratic governance. Political authority, which is to say the ability of a government to exercise (...) power, may be justifiable or not. Whether it is justified and how it can come to be justified is a question of political legitimacy. Political legitimacy is another way in which autonomy and responsibility are linked. This relationship is the basis of the current chapter, and it is important in understanding the moral salience of algorithmic systems. We will draw the connection as follows. We begin, in section 8.1, by describing two uses of technology: crime predicting technology used to drive policing practices and social media technology used to influence elections (including by Cambridge Analytica and by the Internet Research Agency). In section 8.2 we consider several views of legitimacy and argue for a hybrid version of normative legitimacy based on one recently offered by Fabienne Peter. In section 8.3 we will explain that the connection between political legitimacy and autonomy is that legitimacy is grounded in legitimating processes, which are in turn based on autonomy. Algorithmic systems—among them PredPol and the Cambridge Analytica-Facebook-Internet Research Agency amalgam—can hinder that legitimation process and conflict with democratic legitimacy, as we argue in section 8.4. We will conclude by returning to several cases that serve as through-lines to the book: Loomis, Wagner, and Houston Schools. -/- The link below is to an open-access copy of the chapter. (shrink)

Nghiên cứu này phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định hành vi trách nhiệm với môi trường của du khách nội địa tại TP. Vũng Tàu, dựa trên lý thuyết hành vi có kế hoạch (TPB) và lý thuyết kích hoạt chuẩn mực (NAT). Kết quả cho thấy, các yếu tố Thái độ, Nhận thức kiểm soát hành vi, Hình ảnh điểm đến và Chuẩn mực đạo đức cá nhân có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến Ý định (...) bảo vệ môi trường của du khách. Nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng, Nhận thức về tác hại của du lịch và Nhận thức trách nhiệm chưa có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến Ý định hành vi trách nhiệm với môi trường. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất một số hàm ý quản trị nhằm xây dựng du lịch bền vững và bảo vệ cảnh quan thiên nhiên tại TP. Vũng Tàu. (shrink)

This paper offers some refinements to a particular objection to act consequentialism, the “causal impotence” objection. According to proponents of the objection, when we find circumstances in which severe, unnecessary harms result entirely from voluntary acts, it seems as if we should be able to indict at least one act among those acts, but act consequentialism appears to lack the resources to offer this indictment. Our aim is to show is that the most promising response on behalf of act consequentialism, (...) the threshold argument, cannot offer a fully general prescription about what to do in cases of collective action. (shrink)

Vietnam, with a geographical proximity and a high volume of trade with China, was the first country to record an outbreak of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2. While the country was expected to have a high risk of transmission, as of April 4, 2020—in comparison to attempts to contain the disease around the world—responses from Vietnam are being seen as prompt and effective in protecting the interests of its citizens, (...) with 239 confirmed cases and no fatalities. This study analyzes the situation in terms of Vietnam’s policy response, social media and science journalism. A self-made web crawl engine was used to scan and collect official media news related to COVID-19 between the beginning of January and April 4, yielding a comprehensive dataset of 14,952 news items. The findings shed light on how Vietnam—despite being under-resourced—has demonstrated political readiness to combat the emerging pandemic since the earliest days. Timely communication on any developments of the outbreak from the government and the media, combined with up-to-date research on the new virus by the Vietnamese science community, have altogether provided reliable sources of information. By emphasizing the need for immediate and genuine cooperation between government, civil society and private individuals, the case study offers valuable lessons for other nations concerning not only the concurrent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic but also the overall responses to a public health crisis. (shrink)

International integration is a mandatory requirement and a dispensible trend for Vietnamese science today. Specifically, when comparing between natural sciences and technology (NS-T) with social sciences (SS), many researchers suggested that SS in Vietnam have a lower level of integration than NS-T. However, according to our understanding, there have not been many statistical studies, estimates and quantitative evaluation of the integration level of Vietnam social science. In this article, using the Network of Vietnamese Social Sciences database developed by AI Social (...) Data Lab, we introduce and analyze research results of domestic and overseas Vietnamese authors within the 2008-2018 period based on the following aspects: individual researchers (gender, study major, cooperation, leadership role), research group, work agency, study major, localities... Based on these preliminary results, a number of recommendations and policy implications would be proposed for policy makers as well as university leaders/managers. (shrink)

In this short essay, I describe how our Vietnam-based continuing education program, Research Coach in Social Sciences (RCISS), supports early-career researchers to (co)publish their first international indexed publications (i.e., publications in Clarivate Web of Science [WoS] or Sco- pus-indexed journals). In developed countries, junior researchers often seek help from univer- sity professors to publish their first publication. However, given the chronic shortage of senior social sciences scholars with international publishing experience in Vietnam, along with out- dated and ill-designed PhD programs, (...) early-career researchers in the social sciences in Viet- nam often face challenges in international publishing. (shrink)

Developing research groups within universities and science-technology institutions is one topic that gained a special interest in recent times. In this article, we will present our experience of building a research team in the field of Social Science at EdLab Asia Educational Research and Development Centre (EdLab Asia), a young research institute which achieved several initial results after one year of establishment: 14 published works in the journals from Clarivate WOS and Scopus list, between the time from Sept 2019 to (...) Sept 2020. This article will present the goals, strategies, structure, and operating principles of EdLab Asia. Policy implications for universities and science-technology institutions in educational science in particular, and social science in general will be mentioned at the end of this article. (shrink)

Nếu nền kinh tế quốc gia là một cơ thể sống, thì hệ thống tài chính là cơ chế tạo, cung cấp và lưu thông máu tới từng tế bào, bộ phận. Thiếu hay thừa đều phát sinh các vấn đề cần giải quyết. Với quá trình chuyển đổi kinh tế và hội nhập quốc tế mạnh mẽ, liên tục giám sát, kịp thời dự đoán sát thực các dấu hiệu và biến động của thị trường để từ đó xây (...) dựng chính sách điều tiết thị trường tài chính và toàn bộ nền kinh tế một cách hợp lý là việc làm cần thiết bảo đảm tăng trưởng kinh tế bền vững, đúng định hướng. Đối với nền tài chính của Việt Nam, hiện đang tồn tại bảy dấu hiệu cảnh báo cần được các nhà nghiên cứu và hoạch định chính sách quan tâm. (shrink)

The global water crisis is being exacerbated by climate change, even in the United States. Recycled water is a feasible alternative to alleviate the water shortage, but it is constrained by humans’ perceptions. The current study examines how residents’ water scarcity awareness and climate change belief influence their willingness to use recycled water directly and indirectly. Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was employed on a dataset of 1831 residents in Albuquerque, New Mexico, an arid inland region in the US. We (...) discovered that residents’ willingness to use direct recycled potable water is positively affected by their awareness of water scarcity, but the effect is conditional on their belief in the impacts of climate change on the water cycle. Meanwhile, the willingness to use indirect recycled potable water is influenced by water scarcity awareness, and the belief in climate change further enhances this effect. These findings implicate that fighting climate change denialism and informing the public of the water scarcity situation in the region can contribute to the effectiveness and sustainability of long-term water conservation and climate change alleviation efforts. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: One important criticism of algorithmic systems is that they lack transparency. Such systems can be opaque because they are complex, protected by patent or trade secret, or deliberately obscure. In the EU, there is a debate about whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) contains a “right to explanation,” and if so what such a right entails. Our task in this chapter is to address this informational component of algorithmic systems. We argue that information access is integral for respecting (...) autonomy, and transparency policies should be tailored to advance autonomy. -/- To make this argument we distinguish two facets of agency (i.e., capacity to act). The first is practical agency, or the ability to act effectively according to one’s values. The second is what we call cognitive agency, which is the ability to exercise what Pamela Hieronymi calls “evaluative control” (i.e., the ability to control our affective states, such as beliefs, desires, and attitudes). We argue that respecting autonomy requires providing persons sufficient information to exercise evaluative control and properly interpret the world and one’s place in it. We draw this distinction out by considering algorithmic systems used in background checks, and we apply the view to key cases involving risk assessment in criminal justice decisions and K-12 teacher evaluation. -/- The link below is to an open access version of the chapter. (shrink)

‘Dumping’ is a practice in international trade whereby a product is introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its ‘normal value,’ which might cause or threaten material injury to the domestic industry of the importing country. To address the practice of dumping and provide rules to deal with it, the World Trade Organization (WTO) adopted the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994), known as the Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA). -/- (...) The ADA sets out anti-dumping investigation procedures that importing countries must follow if they wish to impose anti-dumping measures, which are determined by comparing the normal value and the export price of the goods in question. However, not all countries are treated equally under these arrangements. Countries that are non-market economies (NMEs) are accorded special treatment provided by specific rules, including the option for investigating authorities to resort to surrogate prices in a third country for the purpose of establishing normal value. This application of surrogate prices is referred to as ‘NME treatment’. In the absence of an internationally recognised definition of an NME, each WTO Member has adopted its own definition and/or a list of NMEs. Vietnam, a WTO Member whose economy is moving from being centrally planned to being market-based, is considered an NME by both the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). This research investigates whether the non-market economy status of NMEs such as Vietnam disadvantages exporters in anti-dumping investigations and proceedings. The research analyses legal, procedural and other issues relating to the non-market economy status of NMEs in general and Vietnam in particular, in anti-dumping investigations and proceedings conducted by the US and the EU. The research uses a qualitative methodology design, by which data was collected primarily using desk-based study, supplemented by interviews with anti-dumping experts, Vietnamese exporters and government officials. It involves the examination of international law pertaining to anti-dumping, the US and EU anti-dumping laws and investigation procedures, analysis of the WTO anti-dumping dispute settlement procedures and related jurisprudence, as well as the analysis of Vietnam’s transition to a market economy. -/- The research has found that both the US and EU treat Vietnam as a NME and have developed their own specific methodologies for anti-dumping investigations on exports from Vietnam. Furthermore, it highlights the wide discretion of the US and the EU under their domestic laws in many stages of anti-dumping investigations. -/- The findings also show that the WTO Dispute Settlement Body generally considers the US and the EU practices to be consistent with the ADA provisions. However, certain US and EU practices were found to be inconsistent with the ADA, including ‘zeroing’, limited examination, surrogate country selection, and the imposition of the ‘entity-wide rate.’ Further, by applying these practices, investigating authorities might establish unpredictable normal values that may inflate the estimated dumping margins and ultimately lead to the imposition of a higher than appropriate anti-dumping duty. The analysis concludes that the NME status of countries such as Vietnam disadvantages them when facing claims of dumping. Finally, this thesis provides recommendations for Vietnamese exporters that will serve to improve their competence as defendants/respondents in anti-dumping investigations and proceedings and more effectively demonstrate the degree to which their operations are based on market-based principles. Recommendations are also provided to the Vietnam Government on ways in which it can support Vietnamese exporters in anti-dumping investigations and proceedings. (shrink)

Trong thế giới khoa học hiện nay, việc một nhà khoa học có bài báo bị rút thường bị ngầm hiểu gắn liền với các lỗi vi phạm đạo đức như ngụy tạo dữ liệu, đạo văn, quá trình phản biện bị thao túng, gian lận về danh sách tác giả... Điều này nếu đúng thì từ phía nhà khoa học, việc công khai, minh bạch thừa nhận các lỗi của mình với các đơn vị chức năng là điều đương (...) nhiên. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented damage to the educational system worldwide. Besides the measurable economic impacts in the short-term and long-term, there is intangible destruction within educational institutions. In particular, teachers – the most critical intellectual resources of any schools – have to face various types of financial, physical, and mental struggles due to COVID-19. To capture the current context of more than one million Vietnamese teachers during COVID-19, we distributed an e- survey to more than 2,500 randomly selected (...) teachers from two major teacher communities on Facebook from 6th to 11th April 2020. From over 373 responses, we excluded the observations which violated our cross-check questions and retained 294 observations for further analysis. This dataset includes: (i) Demographics of participants; (ii) Teachers' perspectives regarding the operation of teaching activities during the pandemic; (iii) Teachers' received support from their schools, government bodies, other stakeholders such as teacher unions, and parents' associations; and (iv) teachers' evaluation of school readiness toward digital transformation. Further, the dataset was supplemented with an additional question on the teachers' primary source of professional development activities during the pandemic. (shrink)

This study presents a description of an open database on scientific output of Vietnamese researchers in social sciences and humanities, one that corrects for the shortcomings in current research publication databases such as data duplication, slow update, and a substantial cost of doing science. Here, using scientists’ self-reports, open online sources and cross-checking with Scopus database, we introduce a manual system and its semi-automated version of the database on the profiles of 657 Vietnamese researchers in social sciences and humanities who (...) have published in Scopus-indexed journals from 2008 to 2018. The final system also records 973 foreign co-authors, 1,289 papers, and 789 affiliations. The data collection method, highly applicable for other sources, could be replicated in other developing countries while its content be used in cross-section, multivariate, and network data analyses. The open database is expected to help Vietnam revamp its research capacity and meet the public demand for greater transparency in science management. (shrink)

Starting with the first international publication of Le Van Thiem (Lê Văn Thiêm) in 1947, modern mathematics in Vietnam is a longstanding research field. However, what is known about its development usually comes from discrete essays such as anecdotes or interviews of renowned mathematicians. We introduce SciMath—a database on publications of Vietnamese mathematicians. To ensure this database covers as many publications as possible, data entries are manually collected from scientists’ publication records, journals’ websites, universities, and research institutions. Collected data went (...) through various verification steps to ensure data quality and minimize errors. At the time of this report, the database covered 8372 publications, profiles of 1566 Vietnamese, and 1492 foreign authors since 1947. We found a growing capability in mathematics research in Vietnam in various aspects: scientific output, publications on influential journals, or collaboration. The database and preliminary results were presented to the Scientific Council of Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics (VIASM) on November 13th, 2020. (shrink)

This paper reviews factors influencing Vietnamese youth’s adoption of Fintech, including technology access, perceived usefulness, government support, and financial literacy. While the Vietnamese government has promoted Fintech expansion through financial inclusion strategies and supportive regulations, gaps in financial education remain. Youth engagement with Fintech is shaped by ease of use, user innovativeness, and social influence, though financial risk concerns limit adoption. For sustained growth, focused financial literacy programs and regulatory improvements are essential to unlock Fintech’s potential for economic development and (...) financial inclusion among Vietnamese youth. (shrink)

Every year, the Vietnamese people reportedly burned about 50,000 tons of joss papers, which took the form of not only bank notes, but iPhones, cars, clothes, even housekeepers, in hope of pleasing the dead. The practice was mistakenly attributed to traditional Buddhist teachings but originated in fact from China, which most Vietnamese were not aware of. In other aspects of life, there were many similar examples of Vietnamese so ready and comfortable with adding new norms, values, and beliefs, even contradictory (...) ones, to their culture. This phenomenon, dubbed “cultural additivity”, prompted us to study the co-existence, interaction, and influences among core values and norms of the Three Teachings –Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism–as shown through Vietnamese folktales. By applying Bayesian logistic regression, we evaluated the possibility of whether the key message of a story was dominated by a religion (dependent variables), as affected by the appearance of values and anti-values pertaining to the Three Teachings in the story (independent variables). Our main findings included the existence of the cultural additivity of Confucian and Taoist values. More specifically, empirical results showed that the interaction or addition of the values of Taoism and Confucianism in folktales together helped predict whether the key message of a story was about Confucianism, β{VT ⋅ VC} = 0.86. Meanwhile, there was no such statistical tendency for Buddhism. The results lead to a number of important implications. First, this showed the dominance of Confucianism because the fact that Confucian and Taoist values appeared together in a story led to the story’s key message dominated by Confucianism. Thus, it presented the evidence of Confucian dominance and against liberal interpretations of the concept of the Common Roots of Three Religions (“tam giáo đồng nguyên”) as religious unification or unicity. Second, the concept of “cultural additivity” could help explain many interesting socio-cultural phenomena, namely the absence of religious intolerance and extremism in the Vietnamese society, outrageous cases of sophistry in education, the low productivity in creative endeavors like science and technology, the misleading branding strategy in business. We are aware that our results are only preliminary and more studies, both theoretical and empirical, must be carried out to give a full account of the explanatory reach of “cultural additivity”. (shrink)

Thị trường chứng khoán (TTCK) Việt Nam khai trương vào ngày 20/7/2000 và chính thức hoạt động từ ngày 28/7/2000 sau nhiều năm chuẩn bị. Trải qua nhiều biến động, cho đến nay, thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam ngày càng được hoàn thiện phù hợp với xu thế phát triển và nhu cầu của nhà đầu tư. Để tìm kiếm lợi nhuận và xác định được mức rủi ro, nhà đầu tư cũng như nhà quản lý cần có những (...) kiến thức cơ bản, chính xác và cập nhật về thị trường chứng khoán. Do đó việc phân tích đầu tư chứng khoán luôn là vấn đề đặt lên hàng đầu. Phân tích đầu tư chứng khoán thường tập trung vào hai vấn đề chính: một là phân tích, dự báo và đánh giá xu hướng giá của cổ phiếu, hai là phân tích đo lường rủi ro trong quá trình đầu tư, từ đó đưa ra các kịch bản và chiến lược đầu tư phù hợp. Trong thực tế, nhà đầu tư cũng như nhà quản lý luôn đặt câu hỏi ‘‘Làm sao dự đoán được xu hướng cũng như sự biến động của giá cổ phiếu? Làm sao đánh giá được mức độ rủi ro có thể xảy ra với mỗi danh mục đầu tư để từ đó xây dựng chiến lược đầu tư phù hợp sao cho mang lại lợi nhuận cao và phòng tránh được rủi ro?”. Có rất nhiều nghiên cứu, phân tích về chuỗi giá cổ phiếu đã được thực hiện nhằm tìm lời giải đáp thỏa đáng cho các vấn đề trên. Thực tế cho thấy, giá của các cổ phiếu trên thị trường luôn luôn thay đổi theo thời gian. Điều này đem đến nhiều cơ hội tìm kiếm lợi nhuận nhưng cũng tiềm ẩn rất nhiều rủi ro cho các nhà đầu tư khi tham gia vào thị trường này. Việc hiểu biết và dự đoán được xu hướng biến động giá của các cổ phiếu cũng như dự đoán được khả năng lỗ lãi trong tương lai là một việc rất quan trọng đối với tất cả các nhà đầu tư và nhà quản lý tài chính nhằm mục đích đưa ra những quyết định chiến lược đầu tư thích hợp. (shrink)

In the meantime, critically needed is a comprehensive regulatory framework that enables not only state-owned but also non-state enterprises to be able to issue a wide range of bonds legitimately. This move will certainly pave the way towards a functional corporate bond market and open up the funding channel for enterprises via bond issues.